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Bahaya Debu Asbes !

Oleh Kompas Cyber Media

Tercatat ratusan orang meninggal di Jepang gara-gara menghirup debu asbestos alias asbes.

Mereka menderita mesothelioma, yakni kanker yang menyerang rongga dada, paru-paru, dan perut. Itu semua disebabkan oleh debu asbes yang terhirup. Debu asbes yang sangat kecil dan tajam ini bisa melukai rongga pernapasan, apalagi jika berlangsung berlarut-larut.

Setidaknya, banyak perusahaan di Jepang melaporkan lebih dari 300 karyawannya meninggal akibat menghirup debu asbes. Perusahaan Kubota Corp. melaporkan 79 pegawai yang bertugas memproduksi asbes meninggal. Di tahun 2003 saja ada 878 korban yang menderita mesothelioma terpaut dengan akibat dari terhirupnya debu asbes. Ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah korban dari yang tadinya 500 korban di tahun 1995.

Asbes yang dikombinasikan dengan semen dan merupakan batuan mineral yang kerap dijadikan langit-langit rumah itu termasuk karsinogen atau zat pemicu terjadinya kanker. Di tahun 1995 di Jepang dikeluarkan larangan penggunaan asbestos biru dan cokelat karena termasuk tipe karsinogen yang sangat tinggi.

Yang mengkhawatirkan lagi saat ditemukannya beberapa wanita meninggal karena mesothelioma. Padahal mereka tidak bekerja di penambangan. Para ahli mencurigai mereka terkontaminasi debu yang dibawa ke rumah oleh suami mereka yang bekerja di penambangan asbes.

Ngerinya, asbes juga membunuh secara diam-diam, seseorang bisa terkena kanker berpuluh tahun kemudian setelah tercemari asbes.Meski begitu, asbes banyak dipakai untuk bahan baku rem dan piranti tahan api. (TST/Bimo)

CONTROL ASBESTOS HAZARDS

THE ELEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM TO CONTROL ASBESTOS HAZARDS ARE :
- PERIODIC SURVEILLANCE TO MONITOR OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS
- ROUTINE AIR MONITORING TO ASSES CHANGES THAT MIGHT HAVE OCCURRED IN THE CONDITION OF MATERIALS AS WELL AS FURTHER DOCUMENTING OF THE AIR BORNE CONCENTRATION.
- EMPLOYEE PROTECTION FOR THE MAINTENANCE WORKERS WHO UNDERTAKE REPAIR OR WORK CLOSE TO ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS.
- MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM TO WHOM THAT MIGHT HAVE EXPOSE TO ASBESTOSES􀁺TRAINING AND WORK PRACTICES
- TRAINING AND WORK PRACTICES SHOULD BE GIVEN TO PEOPLE WHO COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITH ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS.
- NOTIFICATIONS TO THE OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING AND WHO WORK IN THE LOCATIONS OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS, THE POTENSIAL HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ASBESTOS EXPOSURE .

HOW TO CONTROL ASBESTOS IN INDONESIA

- THE IDENTIFICATION OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL IS NEEDED AS ONE OF MANY STEPS TO MANAGE ASBESTOS FIBRE.ONE THE STEP OF IDENTIFICATION HAVE BEEN CLEARLY CARRIED OUT.
- THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT WORKERS AGAINST THE HAZARDS OF EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS IS TO ORGANISE THE WORKERS IN EDUCATE THEM ABOUT THE DANGERS OF EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
- DON’T DISTURB ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, CAUSE THEY AREN’T HAZARDOUS AS LONG AS THEY REMAIN INTACT.

RESULT OF ASBESTOS RESEARCH IN INDONESIA

- ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED IN WORKPLACE AVERAGE 0.019 F/CC
- ASBESTOS CONCENTRATION IN AMBIENT AIR, AVERAGE 0.0001F/CC
- THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES : 2 F/CC
- NO DETECTION OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CAUSED BY ASBESTOS FIBRES

HIGH RISK EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS

IN INDONESIA, INDUSTRIAL WHO HIGH RISK EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL ARE :
- PRIMARY ASBESTOS PRODUCTION: MINING
- SECONDARY ASBESTOS PRODUCTION : ASBES CEMENT
- INSULATION WORKING
- SHIP BUILDING AND REPAIRING
- CONSTRUCTION
- RAILWAY WORKSHOP
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- CHEMICAL FACTORY MAINTENANCE
- CAR MAINTENANCE
- POWER ENERGY PLANT

USE OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA PER YEAR

ASBESTOS ROOF = 57 400 ton/year - with 2134 workers
CEILING, HEAT INSULATION, CONE BLOCK = 360 ton/year - with 590 workers
BRAKE SYSTEM,LINING,PADS = 200 ton/year - with 4120 workers
OTHER = 100 ton/year - with 389 workers
TOTAL = 58060 ton/year - 7233 workers